平菇杂交育种的初步研究

利用平菇不同种间单孢菌丝进行杂交，获得佛罗里达菇－１×褐平菇－１７、佛罗里达菇－４×褐平菇－１７等异核体，其中佛罗里达菇－１×褐平菇－１７在产量、品质及早熟性等在春播的条件下均好于当地主要栽培品种佛罗里达菇     

稀土促进紫孢侧耳菇孢子萌发生长的研究

报道了用稀土液培养紫孢侧耳菇孢子的研究过程．研究表明，用２０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１、５０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的稀土液培养紫孢侧耳菇孢子，明显促进孢子萌发，加速菌丝生长，防止菌种衰退变异．     

Efficient transformation and expression of gfp gene in the edible mushroom Pleurotus nebrodensis

An efficient transformation method mediated by PEG-protoplasts was developed for the newly commercial edible mushroom Pleurotus nebrodensis. Two plasmids were used to co-transform protoplasts of P. nebrodensis. One plasmid is pAN7-1 containing a positive selectable marker gene hph conferring hygromycin B resistance. Another plasmid is pBlue-GFP containing a reporter gene gfp conferring green fluorescent protein. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that hph gene or/and gfp gene were integrated into the genome of P. nebrodensis transformants. The transformation efficiency of the positive selectable marker gene hph was 3 transformants per microgram of plasmid pAN7-1 DNA, which was about 30 times higher than that previously reported in thoroughly studied Pleurotus species such as Pleurotus ostreatus. The transformation efficiency of the reporter gene gfp was 9 transformants per microgram of plasmid pBlu-GFP DNA. The co-transformation efficiency was 23.68%. This is the first report that a ＂reporter＂ gene, green fluorescent protein gene can be successfully stably exoressed in this Pleurotus species.     

糙皮侧耳菌丝与子实体壳聚糖的提取与理化特征的比较

报道了从糙皮侧耳子实体、菌丝提取壳聚糖的方法,用红外光谱对所提取的样品进行鉴定和结构分析,并通过改良线性滴定法测定壳聚糖的氨基含量和抑菌效果的研究,比较了二者在理化性质和功能上的差异.发现两种壳聚糖在红外光谱图中酰胺I吸收峰在1649.50—1588.05cm-1范围内位置有区别;子实体偏低频,菌丝偏高频.壳聚糖氨基含量分别为6.78%和5.11%,两种壳聚糖对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的抑菌效果明显不同.用纤维素酶对其进行降解比较,结果表明:纤维素酶对以子实体制备的壳聚糖降解效果最为明显,而糙皮侧耳菌丝制备的壳聚糖不为纤维素酶所降解.     

稻草栽培平菇培养基配方的研究

文中比较了自然发酵法、水煮处理法、牛粪处理法、石灰处理法对新鲜稻草的软化效果,并研究了用软化稻草和棉籽壳为主要原料,以玉米粉或大米为辅助材料的不同配方培养基的出菇情况。结果显示,稻草软化的最佳处理方式为石灰处理法;以软化后的稻草（占79%）、棉籽壳（占20%）、玉米粉或大米（占1%）配制的平菇培养基质能够很好的出菇,可以取得较好的经济效益。     

糙皮侧耳菌丝与子实体壳聚糖的提取与理化特征的比较

报道了从糙皮侧耳子实体、菌丝提取壳聚糖的方法,用红外光谱对所提取的样品进行鉴定和结构分析,并通过改良线性滴定法测定壳聚糖的氨基含量和抑菌效果的研究,比较了二者在理化性质和功能上的差异．发现两种壳聚糖在红外光谱图中酰胺Ⅰ吸收峰在1649．50-1588．05cm。范围内位置有区别;子实体偏低频,菌丝偏高频．壳聚糖氨基含量分别为6．78％和5．11％,两种壳聚糖对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coil）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）的抑菌效果明显不同．用纤维素酶对其进行降解比较,结果表明：纤维素酶对以子实体制备的壳聚糖降解效果最为明显,而糙皮侧耳菌丝制备的壳聚糖不为纤维素酶所降解．     

利用平菇废料栽培茶薪菇的研究

茶薪菇是近年来经驯化人工栽培的食用菌新种类,具有营养丰富、肉质脆嫩、口感好的特点,因此,发展前景看好。利用平菇废料栽培茶薪菇的实验表明,以1/3平菇废料和2/3棉籽壳为主料的培养料栽培茶薪菇能取得与全棉籽壳为主料的对照组相近的产量,生物效率达60.36％,并节约26.59%的原料费用,从而降低生产成本产生较好的经济效益,该实验尝试了食用菌废料循环利用,降低资源消耗量的可行途径。     

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) reduces the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in rat liver microsomes

The effect of dried oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on cholesterol (C) content in serum, in lipoproteins and in liver, and on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in liver microsomes, was studied in male rats (strain Wistar, initial body weight 75 g) fed on low-cholesterol (9 mg/100 g) and high-cholesterol (0.3%) diets. Addition of 5% oyster mushroom to both diets reduced significantly the C-content in serum (by 30%), in very-low- and low-density lipoproteins (in a 11 ratio to the decrease of total serum C) and in liver (by 50%), as well as the activity of HMG-CoA reductase (by more than 30%).     

荞麦皮处理产物的结构测定

荞麦皮经稀硝酸处理后，从滤液中得到一种透明的针状晶体，该晶体经元素分析，虹外光谱及质谱测定，确认为草酸。     

食用菌子实体和菌丝体多糖抗氧化性的比较研究

采用Fenton 法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼)还原法对平菇、金针菇、真姬菇和茶树菇的子实体和菌丝体多糖的抗氧化性进行了比较研究。平菇、金针菇、真姬菇和茶树菇子实体多糖质量分数分别为7.12 %,9.24 %,8.96 %和7.68 %,菌丝体多糖质量分数分别为8.32 %,11.33 %,10.54 %和9.75 %。平菇、真姬菇、金针菇、茶树菇子实体多糖和菌丝体多糖清除羟自由基(·OH)的能力大小顺序为:茶树菇＞金针菇＞真姬菇＞平菇;清除超氧阴离子(O^2-·)的能力大小顺序为:茶树菇＞真姬菇＞金针菇＞平菇;清除DPPH·自由基能力大小顺序为:茶树菇＞真姬菇＞金针菇＞平菇。 结果表明,实验的4种食用菌子实体和菌丝体多糖均具有较强的体外抗氧化性能,且随着多糖质量浓度的增大其抗氧化活性逐渐增强,茶树菇多糖抗氧化性最强,菌丝体多糖的抗氧化性优于子实体多糖。